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Swiss naturalist Louis Agassiz gave megalodon its scientific name in his seminal 1833-1843 work Recherches sur les poissons fossiles (Research on fossil fish). He named it Carcharias megalodon in an 1835 illustration of the holotype and additional teeth, congeneric with the modern sand tiger shark. [1] [2] The specific name is a portmanteau of the Ancient Greek words μεγάλος ( megálos, meaning "big") and ὀδών ( odṓn, meaning "tooth"), [17] [18] combined meaning "big tooth." Agassiz referenced the name as early as 1832, but because specimens were not referenced they are not taxonomically recognized uses. [2] Formal description of the species was published in an 1843 volume, where Agassiz revised the name to Carcharodon megalodon as its teeth were far too large for the former genus and more alike to the great white shark. [1] He also erroneously identified several megalodon teeth as belonging to additional species eventually named Carcharodon rectidens, Carcharodon subauriculatus, Carcharodon productus, and Carcharodon polygurus. [1] [19] Because Carcharodon megalodon appeared first in the 1835 illustration, the remaining names are considered junior synonyms under the principle of priority. [2] [19] Evolution Diagram of the chronospecies evolution of megalodon A study from 2022 suggests that competition with great white sharks for food may also have contributed to megalodon's downfall. Studies of fossilised megalodon and great white teeth show that their diets overlapped. Is the megalodon still alive? If modern day lions have arguably the largest teeth of any land predator today then the smilodon or sabre-toothed tiger had the most pitiless maw of any prehistoric mammal. Their infamous out-sized canines could be a staggering 23 cm in length. a b Almgreen, S. E. Bendix (15 November 1983). " Carcharodon megalodon from the Upper Miocene of Denmark, with comments on elasmobranch tooth enameloid: coronoïn". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 32: 1–32. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.514.1782. doi: 10.37570/bgsd-1983-32-01. S2CID 53311833. NAID 10012345550. Mrinalini M, et al. (2015). True generalizedmacrodontia in a case of Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome. DOI:
Megalodon size estimates vary depending on the method used, with maximum total length estimates ranging from 14.2–20.3 meters (47–67ft). [40] [45] [27] A 2015 study estimated the average total body length at 10.5 meters (34ft), calculated from 544 megalodon teeth, found throughout geological time and geography, including adults and juveniles. [46] [26] In comparison, large great white sharks are generally around 6 meters (20ft) in length, with a few contentious reports suggesting larger sizes. [47] [48] [40] The whale shark is the largest living fish, with one large female reported with a precaudal length of 15 meters (49ft) and an estimated total length of 18.8 meters (62ft). [47] [49] It is possible that different populations of megalodon around the globe had different body sizes and behaviors due to different ecological pressures. [26] Megalodon is thought to have been the largest macropredatory shark that ever lived. [40]a b Bressan, D. (14 January 2016). "How the Dissection Of A Shark's Head Revealed The True Nature Of Fossils". Forbes. If they can’t find any cause of your enlarged teeth, they may recommend that you visit a cosmetic dentist. A cosmetic dentist can tell you what treatment options can improve the look of your teeth. Orthodontics Jacoby, D. M. P.; Siriwat, P.; Freeman, R.; Carbone, C. (2015). "Is the scaling of swim speed in sharks driven by metabolism?". Biology Letters. 12 (10): 20150781. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0781. PMC 4707698. PMID 26631246. Another model of the evolution of this genus, also proposed by Casier in 1960, is that the direct ancestor of the Carcharocles is the shark Otodus obliquus, which lived from the Paleocene through the Miocene epochs, 60 to 13Mya. [29] [32] The genus Otodus is ultimately derived from Cretolamna, a shark from the Cretaceous period. [7] [34] In this model, O. obliquus evolved into O. aksuaticus, which evolved into C. auriculatus, and then into C. angustidens, and then into C. chubutensis, and then finally into C. megalodon.
The sharks would leave telltale bite marks on other large marine animals, and their huge teeth would continue littering the ocean floors in their tens of thousands. Not to mention that as a warm-water species, megalodon would not be able to survive in the cold waters of the deep, where it would have a better chance of going unnoticed. A 2015 study linking shark size and typical swimming speed estimated that megalodon would have typically swum at 18 kilometers per hour (11mph)–assuming that its body mass was typically 48 metric tons (53 short tons)–which is consistent with other aquatic creatures of its size, such as the fin whale ( Balaenoptera physalus) which typically cruises at speeds of 14.5 to 21.5km/h (9.0 to 13.4mph). [54] In 2022, Cooper and his colleagues converted this calculation into relative cruising speed (body lengths per second), resulting in an mean absolute cruising speed of 5 kilometers per hour (3.1mph) and a mean relative cruising speed of 0.09 body lengths per second for a 16 meters (52ft) long megalodon; the authors found their mean absolute cruising speed to be faster than any extant lamnid sharks and their mean relative cruising speed to be slower, consistent with previous estimates. [53] Sculpture in the Museum of Evolution in Puebla, Mexico As its range did not apparently extend into colder waters, megalodon may not have been able to retain a significant amount of metabolic heat, so its range was restricted to shrinking warmer waters. [108] [83] [110] Fossil evidence confirms the absence of megalodon in regions around the world where water temperatures had significantly declined during the Pliocene. [30] :77 However, an analysis of the distribution of megalodon over time suggests that temperature change did not play a direct role in its extinction. Its distribution during the Miocene and Pliocene did not correlate with warming and cooling trends; while abundance and distribution declined during the Pliocene, megalodon did show a capacity to inhabit colder latitudes. It was found in locations with a mean temperature ranging from 12 to 27°C (54 to 81°F), with a total range of 1 to 33°C (34 to 91°F), indicating that the global extent of suitable habitat should not have been greatly affected by the temperature changes that occurred. [22] This is consistent with evidence that it was a mesotherm. [55] Changing ecosystem Megalodon may have become coextinct with smaller baleen whale species, such as Piscobalaena nana. [111] Most reconstructions show megalodon looking like an enormous great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias. This is now believed to be incorrect.
Iani was an ornithopod, a group of mostly bipedal herbivores that also includes famous examples such as Iguanodon and Tenontosaurus. a b c d e f g h Pimiento, Catalina; Ehret, Dana J.; MacFadden, Bruce J.; Hubbell, Gordon (2010). Stepanova, Anna (ed.). "Ancient Nursery Area for the Extinct Giant Shark Megalodon from the Miocene of Panama". PLOS ONE. 5 (5): e10552. Bibcode: 2010PLoSO...510552P. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010552. PMC 2866656. PMID 20479893.
a b c d Perez, Victor; Leder, Ronny; Badaut, Teddy (2021). "Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions". Palaeontologia Electronica. 24 (1): 1–28. doi: 10.26879/1140. If it’s regular teeth you want to see at this length then it’s to the most famous fearsome dinosaur ever you have to look. With 23+ cm long curved incisors the size of bananas it’s easy to imagine the damage a bite from this beast could do. The dental formula of megalodon is: 2.1.7.4 3.0.8.4. As evident from the formula, megalodon had four kinds of teeth in its jaws: anterior, intermediate, lateral, and posterior. Megalodon's intermediate tooth technically appears to be an upper anterior and is termed as "A3" because it is fairly symmetrical and does not point mesially (side of the tooth toward the midline of the jaws where the left and right jaws meet). Megalodon had a very robust dentition, [30] :20–21 and had over 250 teeth in its jaws, spanning 5 rows. [31] :iv It is possible that large megalodon individuals had jaws spanning roughly 2 meters (6.6ft) across. [31] :129 The teeth were also serrated, which would have improved efficiency in cutting through flesh or bone. [28] [31] :1 The shark may have been able to open its mouth to a 75° angle, though a reconstruction at the USNM approximates a 100° angle. [40] Reconstructed jaws on display at the National Aquarium in Baltimore Due to fragmentary remains, there have been many contradictory size estimates for megalodon, as they can only be drawn from fossil teeth and vertebrae. [42] :87 [43] The great white shark has been the basis of reconstruction and size estimation, as it is regarded as the best analogue to megalodon. Several total length estimation methods have been produced from comparing megalodon teeth and vertebrae to those of the great white. [40] [44] [45] [27]
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The origins of the ichthyosaurs start in the aftermath of the worst ever mass extinction at the end of the Permian Period over 250 million years ago. While shaving teeth is safe for most people, those who have weak teeth should avoid this procedure. Before teeth shaving, a dentist should take X-rays to make sure your teeth are fit for the procedure.
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